Number Of Women Judges On The Rise In Md.
By STEVE LASH
The Daily Record of Baltimore
BALTIMORE (AP) -- The story comes from a time before Justice Sandra Day O'Connor took her seat, astronaut Sally Ride took flight and Speaker Nancy Pelosi took the gavel at the U.S. House of Representatives.
It was December 1978, and acting Maryland Gov. Blair Lee had just appointed Rita C. Davidson to be the first woman judge on the state's highest court.
Davidson said her six soon-to-be colleagues -- all male -- should not be discomfited by a woman's presence on the Court of Appeals.
"Men generally like women," said Davidson, who served on the bench from 1979 until her death in 1984. "I find no reason to believe that my newfound colleagues on the Court of Appeals will deviate from that."
Now, the seven-member Court of Appeals has three women on its roster and a retired judge, Irma Raker, who can sit by assignment. Of the state's 280 judges, 107 (or 38.2 percent) are women, compared with 99 of 274 judges (36.1 percent) as of July 1, 2011, according to Maryland Judiciary data.
While that's far short of half, it's also far better than the national state-court average of 27.5 percent, according to the State University of New York at Albany's Center for Women in Government & Civil Society in a report released in July.
And of Gov. Martin O'Malley's 102 judicial appointments since taking office in January 2007, 46, or 45.1 percent, have been women, an uptick from 43.7 percent as of last September.
Some call the gains historical progress; others call it a good start.
"In the practice of law, we've come a long way but not far enough," said Baltimore City Circuit Judge Pamela J. White.
White said she still sees instances where women are slighted.
The judge cited a recent conference of about a dozen attorneys involved in a complex business and technology case. Only one of the lawyers was a woman, an associate at a law firm.
"She didn't have a speaking role," White said.
Maryland District Judge Shannon E. Avery said sexist comments persist in the state's courtrooms, such as when male attorneys are addressed as "counselor" and women are addressed as "ma'am."
Avery voiced concern for young female attorneys and judges who believe they will be treated as well as men.
"Women can't stop standing up for themselves," said Avery, who sits in Baltimore. "Times really haven't changed."
She urged her female colleagues on the bench to serve as mentors to the young women and be ready to help them when they experience the subtle sexism, such as being told a pantsuit is inappropriate, or more flagrant discrimination.
"Young women do encounter a rude awakening, and I am concerned that they don't have anywhere to go or anyone to go to," Avery said.
Prince George's County Circuit Judge Toni E. Clarke said that, despite the increasing numbers of women judges, she occasionally senses a tone of sexism from some older male attorneys who appear before her, vocal intonations that she suspects do not occur before her male colleagues on the bench.
The instances are subtle, such as an interruption while she is making a ruling or finishing a sentence, but it is there and has been pointed out to her by her bailiffs and clerks, said Clarke, who chairs Maryland's chapter of the National Association of Women Judges Inc.
"It's one of those things that you know it when you see it, but you don't make a big deal about it," Clarke said. "You try not to let that get in the way of getting the case done. You have a jury. You don't have time for that."
The sexism, when she senses it, spurs her to be an even more effective judge.
"I do still think that we have to be better than or strive to be better than our male counterparts," Clarke said. "All in all, I think that our bar is pretty respectful."
Four of the 12 judges on the intermediate Court of Special Appeals are women, as are 59 of the 153 circuit court judges. Forty-one of the 108 district court judges are female, according to the Maryland Judiciary.
Women have reached leadership positions at the circuit court level, holding three of the state's eight administrative judgeships. The administrative judges, appointed by Court of Appeals Chief Judge Robert M. Bell, oversee court operations in Maryland's eight geographical judicial circuits.
Judge Marcella A. Holland, who chairs the Conference of Circuit Court Judges, called the three-eighths figure impressive, but noted that women make up half the population.
"We could go to four without any problem," said Holland, who is also the administrative judge for Baltimore City Circuit Court. She noted that neither the Court of Appeals nor the Court of Special Appeals has had a female chief.
"There are still parts of the glass ceiling we haven't quite tapped," Holland said.
Retired Judge Irma S. Raker, who in 1994 became the second woman on the Court of Appeals, said she could not recall any disparate treatment during her years on the bench, with the possible exception of longtime Chief Judge Robert C. Murphy, whose actions were more chivalrous than chauvinist.
"Chief Judge Murphy, if anybody used an off-color word, he would apologize to me" but not the men in the room, Raker said of the jurist who led the court from 1972 to 1996.
"By '94, even though when I went on the court it was all male, the judiciary was used to women, and having a woman was just not anything particularly remarkable," said Raker, who reached the court's mandatory retirement age of 70 in 2008. "I really did not see any adverse treatment within the judiciary based on gender."
Raker, in describing her treatment on the bench, quoted a line often attributed to U.S. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor that "a wise old man and a wise old woman will reach the same conclusion in deciding cases."
Gender diversity on the bench "brings different life experiences and perspectives that really enrich the decision-making process," Raker said.
That's not to say that gender equality has always been the rule in Maryland, Raker said, recalling her early career as the first female assistant state's attorney in Montgomery County.
"In the '70s, it was different," Raker said, noting her meetings with male police officers to discuss upcoming criminal trials.
"I saw a lot of tight jaws" from the officers who believed "criminal law was just too dirty for women," Raker said. "You are dealing with blood and gore."
But Raker said she had a ready answer when officers would ask her when the assistant state's attorney would arrive.
"I'm him," she would respond.
"That was more challenging than going on to the Court of Appeals with six males and me," Raker said.
Recounting those challenging times is important for fledgling lawyers and judges, who never knew a ay when the U.S. Supreme Court was solely a brethren, so that they understand and appreciate the persistence of the women who blazed a trail to the Maryland bench, said Court of Appeals Judge Lynne A. Battaglia.
In 2006, Battaglia founded the Finding Justice Project, with the goal of documenting the history of the women in law in Maryland. The project's main sponsor is the Maryland Women's Bar Association.
"There are still women who need to learn from the history of our ancestry," said Battaglia, who in 1993 became the first woman to be presidentially appointed as U.S. attorney for the District of Maryland. "What's made all the difference in the world is persistence, mentoring -- male and female mentoring -- and support."
Battaglia was appointed to the Court of Appeals in 2001 by then-Gov. Parris N. Glendenning, who pushed to diversify the bench when he took office in 1995. At the time, there were 36 female judges out of 240 in the state, according to 2009 article by his former chief legal counsel, Andrea M. Leahy-Fucheck, now a managing member at Leahy & DeSmet LLC in Calverton. Glendening appointed 53 women and elevated 13 existing female judges to higher courts, the article says.
Raker, who was appointed to the Montgomery County Circuit Court in 1982, knew that women were making progress when she presided over a trial in which the prosecutor, defense attorney, sheriff and even the defendant were women.
"It showed changes from when I started practicing law in the '70s, when there were almost no women practicing criminal law," Raker said.
A prouder moment came on Sept. 8, 2008, when the seven-member Court of Appeals -- for the first time -- had more women than men sitting to hear a case. Judges Battaglia, Sally D. Adkins, Mary Ellen Barbera and Raker, a recently retired judge sitting by special assignment -- joined by their three male colleagues, heard arguments in Christopher Hutchinson v. State. (Raker wrote the opinion a month later.)
"That was a stark contrast from 1993, when there were seven men," said Raker
The key to getting more women on the Maryland bench is getting female attorneys "in the pipeline" toward a judgeship, said Holland, the Conference of Circuit Court Judges chair.
The pipeline involves not only having the technical legal experience, but also community involvement, which attracts the attention of nominating commissions and the governor's office, she added.
"In addition to your learning and your education, you have to know your community and you've got to give back to it," she said.
Holland said she and other women on the bench have an obligation to serve as role models to the generation coming out of law school, which is unaware of a time when arguing before a female judge was a rarity.
"My concern is the younger women; they don't know their history," Holland said. "If you don't know your history, you're bound to repeat it. Part of our job is to give these young women a positive role model . to follow in our footsteps."
(Copyright 2012 by The Associated Press. All Rights Reserved.)
